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asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 1 - general description the ak4396 is a high performance stereo dac for the 192khz sampling mode of dvd-audio including a 24bit digital filter. using akm's multi bit architecture for its modulator the ak4396 delivers a wide dynamic range while preserving linearity for improved thd+n performance. the ak4396 has full differential scf outputs, removing the need for ac coupling capacitors and increasing performance for systems with excessive clock jitter. the ak4396 accepts 192khz pc m data and 1-bit dsd data, ideal for a wide range of applications including dvd-audio and sacd. the ak4396 has a fully functional compatibility with the ak4393/4/5 and lower power dissipation. features ? 128x oversampling ? sampling rate: 30khz 216khz ? 24bit 8x digital filter (slow-roll-off option) ripple: 0.005db, attenuation: 75db ? high tolerance to clock jitter ? low distortion differential output ? dsd data input available ? digital de-emphasis for 32, 44.1, 48khz sampling ? soft mute ? digital attenuator (linear 256 steps) ? thd+n: ? 100db ? dr, s/n: 120db ? i/f format : msb justified, 16/20/24bit lsb justified, i 2 s ? master clock: normal speed: 256 fs, 384fs, 512fs, 768fs or 1152fs double speed: 128fs, 192fs, 256fs or 384fs quad speed: 128fs or 192fs dsd: 512fs or 768fs ? power supply: 5v 5% (analog), 3.0 5.25v (digital) ? cmos or ttl level digital i/f ? package: 28pin vsop ? pin compatible with ak4393/4/5 ak4396 advanced multi-bit 192khz 24-bit ? dac
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 2 - ? block diagram lrck/dsdr sdata/dsdl bick/dclk aoutr- control register csn pcm data interface dif1/dsdl dif2/dsdr dif0/dclk dsd data interface 8x interpolator 8x interpolator ? modulator ? modulator scf scf aoutr+ aoutl- aoutl+ cad0 cad1 cclk cdti p/s mclk vrefh clock divider vrefl dem0 de-emphasis control dem1 dzfr dzfl acks avdd avss dvdd dvss pdn ttl vcom smute dfs0 block diagram
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 3 - ? ordering guide AK4396VF ? 40 +85 c 28pin vsop (0.65mm pitch) akd4396 evaluation board for ak4396 ? pin layout 6 5 4 3 2 1 dvss dvdd pdn mclk bick/dclk sdata/dsdl lrck/dsdr 7 smute/csn 8 a cks/dzfr tst2/cad1 tst1/dzfl p/s vcom a outl + a outl- a outr+ top view 10 9 dfs0/cad0 dem0/cclk dem1/cdti 11 dif0/dclk 12 a outr- a vss a vdd vrefh 23 24 25 26 27 28 22 21 19 20 18 17 13 14 16 15 dif1/dsdl dif2/dsdr vrefl ttl
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 4 - ? compatibility with ak4393/4/5 1. function & performance ak4393 ak4394 ak4395 ak4396 fs (max) 108khz 216khz 216khz 216khz dvdd 3~5.25v 4.75~5.25v 4.75~5.25v 3~5.25v power dissipation 310mw 325mw 335mw 200mw digital input level cmos ttl ttl cmos/ttl df stopband attenuation 75db 75db 110db 75db digital volume not available not available 256 levels, 0.5db 256 levels, linear p i/f address pin not available not available cad0/1 cad0/1 de-emphasis filter 32k, 44.1k, 48k, 96k 32k, 44 .1k, 48k, 96k 32k, 44.1k, 48k 32k, 44.1k, 48k optional df not available slow roll-off slow roll-off slow roll-off zero detection pin not available dzfl/r dzfl/r dzfl/r dsd mode no no no yes pin #15 bvss bvss bvss ttl pin #26 (serial mode) cks0 dzfl dzfl dzfl pin #28 (serial mode) cks2 dzfr dzfr dzfr 2. pin configuration pin# ak4393 ak4394 ak4395 ak4396 1 dvss dvss dvss dvss 2 dvdd dvdd dvdd dvdd 3 mclk mclk mclk mclk 4 pdn pdn pdn pdn 5 bick bick bick bick 6 sdata sdata sdata sdata 7 lrck lrck lrck lrck 8 smute/csn sm ute/csn smute/csn smute/csn 9 dfs0 dfs0 dfs0/cad0 dfs0/cad0 10 dem0/cclk dem0/cclk dem0/cclk dem0/cclk 11 dem1/cdti dem1/cdti dem1/cdti dem1/cdti 12 dif0 dif0 dif0 dif0 13 dif1 dif1 dif1 dif1 14 dif2 dif2 dif2 dif2 15 bvss bvss bvss ttl 16 vrefl vrefl vrefl vrefl 17 vfefh vfefh vfefh vfefh 18 avdd avdd avdd avdd 19 avss avss avss avss 20 aoutr- aoutr- aoutr- aoutr- 21 aoutr+ aoutr+ aoutr+ aoutr+ 22 aoutl- aoutl- aoutl- aoutl- 23 aoutl+ aoutl+ aoutl+ aoutl+ 24 vcom vcom vcom vcom 25 p/s p/s p/s p/s 26 cks0 cks0/dzfl ck s0/dzfl tst1/dzfl 27 cks1 cks1 cks1/cad1 tst2/cad1 28 cks2 cks2/dzfr acks/dzfr acks/dzfr tst1-2: don?t care at parallel mode.
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 5 - 3. compatibility of master clock select in parallel mode ak4393/4/5 ak4396 cks2 cks1 cks0 dfs0=0 dfs0=1 acks dfs0=0 dfs0=1 0 0 0 256fs 128fs 0 256fs 128fs 0 0 1 256fs 256fs 0 256fs 256fs 0 1 0 384fs 192fs 0 384fs 192fs 0 1 1 384fs 384fs 0 384fs 384fs 1 0 0 512fs 256fs 1 512fs 256fs 1 0 1 512fs n/a 1 512fs n/a 1 1 0 768fs 384fs 1 768fs 384fs 1 1 1 768fs n/a 1 768fs n/a : the setting of dfs0 is ignored. 4. register map addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 00h control 1 acks 0 0 0 dif2 dif1 dif0 rstn 01h control 2 dzfe dzfm slow dfs1 dfs0 dem1 dem0 smute 02h control 3 d/p dsdm dcks dckb 0 dzfb 0 0 03h lch att control att7 att6 att5 att4 att3 att2 att1 att0 04h rch att control att7 att6 att5 att4 att3 att2 att1 att0 : changing points from ak4393?s register. italic means the default value differs from ak4393. addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 00h control 1 acks 0 0 0 dif2 dif1 dif0 rstn 01h control 2 dzfe dzfm slow dfs1 dfs0 dem1 dem0 smute 02h control 3 d/p dsdm dcks dckb 0 dzfb 0 0 03h lch att control att7 att6 att5 att4 att3 att2 att1 att0 04h rch att control att7 att6 att5 att4 att3 att2 att1 att0 : changing points from ak4394?s register. italic means the default value differs from ak4394. addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 00h control 1 acks 0 0 0 dif2 dif1 dif0 rstn 01h control 2 dzfe dzfm slow dfs1 dfs0 dem1 dem0 smute 02h control 3 d/p dsdm dcks dckb 0 dzfb 0 0 03h lch att control att7 att6 a tt5 att4 att3 att2 att1 att0 04h rch att control att7 att6 att5 att4 att3 att2 att1 att0 : changing points from ak4395?s register. italic means the default value differs from ak4395.
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 6 - pin/function no. pin name i/o function 1 dvss - digital ground pin 2 dvdd - digital power supply pin, 3.3v or 5.0v 3 mclk i master clock input pin 4 pdn i power-down mode pin when at ?l?, the ak4396 is in power-down mode and is held in reset. the ak4396 should always be reset upon power-up. bick i audio serial data clock pin in pcm mode 5 dclk i dsd clock pin in dsd mode sdata i audio serial data input pin in pcm mode 6 dsdl i dsd lch data input pin in dsd mode lrck i l/r clock pin in pcm mode 7 dsdr i dsd rch data input pin in dsd mode smute i soft mute pin in parallel mode when this pin goes ?h?, soft mute cycle is initiated. when returning ?l?, the output mute releases. 8 csn i chip select pin in serial mode dfs0 i sampling speed mode select pin in parallel mode (internal pull-down pin) 9 cad0 i chip address 0 pin in serial mode (internal pull-down pin) dem0 i de-emphasis enable 0 pin in parallel mode 10 cclk i control data clock pin in serial mode dem1 i de-emphasis enable 1 pin in parallel mode 11 cdti i control data input pin in serial mode dif0 i digital input format 0 pin in pcm mode 12 dclk i dsd clock pin in dsd mode dif1 i digital input format 1 pin in pcm mode 13 dsdl i dsd lch data input pin in dsd mode dif2 i digital input format 2 pin in pcm mode 14 dsdr i dsd rch data input pin in dsd mode note: all input pins except internal pull-up/down pins should not be left floating.
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 7 - 15 ttl i cmos/ttl level se lect pin (internal pull-up pin) ?l? : cmos level, ?h? : ttl level 16 vrefl i low level voltage reference input pin 17 vrefh i high level voltage reference input pin 18 avdd - analog power supply pin, 5.0v 19 avss - analog ground pin 20 aoutr ? o rch negative analog output pin 21 aoutr+ o rch positive analog output pin 22 aoutl ? o lch negative analog output pin 23 aoutl+ o lch positive analog output pin 24 vcom o common voltage output pin, avdd/2 25 p/s i parallel/serial select pin (internal pull-up pin) ?l?: serial mode, ?h?: parallel mode tst1 o test 1 pin in parallel mode (don?t care) 26 dzfl o lch zero input detect pin in serial mode tst2 i test 2 pin in parallel mode (internal pull-down pin) 27 cad1 i chip address 1 pin in serial mode (internal pull-down pin) acks i master clock auto setting mode pin in parallel mode 28 dzfr o rch zero input detect pin in serial mode note: all input pins except internal pull-up/down pins should not be left floating. note: tst1 pin outputs hi-z in parallel mode.
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 8 - ? handling of unused pin the unused i/o pins should be processed appropriately as below. (1) parallel mode (pcm mode only) classification pin name setting aoutl+, aoutl ? these pins should be open. analog aoutr+, aoutr ? these pins should be open. smute this pin should be connected to dvss. tst1 this pin should be open. digital tst2 this pin should be connected to dvss. (2) serial mode 1. pcm mode classification pin name setting aoutl+, aoutl ? these pins should be open. analog aoutr+, aoutr ? these pins should be open. dif2, dif1, dif0 these pins should be connected to dvss. digital dzfl, dzfr these pins should be open. 2. dsd mode ? in case of using #5(dclk), #6(dsdl) and #7(dsdr) pins classification pin name setting aoutl+, aoutl ? these pins should be open. analog aoutr+, aoutr ? these pins should be open. dclk(#12), dsdl(#13), dsdr(#14) these pins should be connected to dvss. digital dzfl, dzfr these pins should be open. ? in case of using #12(dclk), #13(dsdl) and #14(dsdr) pins classification pin name setting aoutl+, aoutl ? these pins should be open. analog aoutr+, aoutr ? these pins should be open. dclk(#5), dsdl(#6), dsdr(#7) these pins should be connected to dvss. digital dzfl, dzfr these pins should be open.
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 9 - absolute maximum ratings (avss, dvss = 0v; note 1) parameter symbol min max units power supplies: analog digital |avss ? dvss| (note 2) avdd dvdd ? gnd ? 0.3 ? 0.3 - 6.0 6.0 0.3 v v v input current, any pin except supplies iin - 10 ma input voltage vind ? 0.3 dvdd+0.3 v ambient operating temperature ta ? 40 85 c storage temperature tstg ? 65 150 c note 1. all voltages with respect to ground. note 2. avss and dvss must be connected to the same analog ground plane. warning: operation at or beyond these limits may result in permanent damage to the device. normal operation is not guaranteed at these extremes. recommended operating conditions (avss, dvss=0v; note 1) parameter symbol min typ max units power supplies: (note 3) analog digital avdd dvdd 4.75 3.0 5.0 5.0 5.25 5.25 v v voltage reference (note 4) ?h? voltage reference ?l? voltage reference vrefh-vrefl vrefh vrefl ? vref avdd-0.5 avss 3.0 - - - avdd - avdd v v v note 1. all voltages with respect to ground. note 3. the power up sequence between avdd and dvdd is not critical. note 4. analog output voltage scales with the voltage of (vrefh ? vrefl). aout (typ.@0db) = (aout+) ? (aout ? ) = 2.8vpp(vrefh ? vrefl)/5. * akm assumes no responsibility for the usage beyond the conditions in this data sheet.
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 10 - analog characteristics (ta=25 c; avdd=dvdd=5.0v; avss=dvss=0v; vrefh=avdd, vrefl=avss; input data=24bit; r l 1k ? ; bick=64fs; input signal frequency = 1khz; sampling frequency = 44.1khz; measurement bandwidth = 20hz ~ 20khz; external circuit: figure 17; unless otherwise specified.) parameter min typ max units resolution 24 bits dynamic characteristics (note 5) fs=44.1khz bw=20khz 0dbfs ? 60dbfs ? 100 ? 57 ? 90 - db db fs=96khz bw=40khz 0dbfs ? 60dbfs ? 97 ? 54 - - db db thd+n fs=192khz bw=40khz bw=80khz 0dbfs ? 60dbfs ? 60dbfs ? 97 ? 54 ? 51 - - - db db db dynamic range ( ? 60dbfs with a-weighted) (note 6) 114 120 db s/n (a-weighted) (note 7) 114 120 db interchannel isolation (1khz) 100 120 db dc accuracy interchannel gain mismatch 0.15 0.3 db gain drift (note 8) 20 - ppm/ c output voltage (note 9) 2.65 2.8 2.95 vpp load capacitance 25 pf load resistance (note 10) 1 k ? power supplies power supply current normal operation (pdn pin = ?h?) (note 11) avdd dvdd (fs 96khz) dvdd (fs = 192khz) 32 8 13 47 - 19 ma ma ma power down (pdn pin = ?l?) (note 12) avdd+dvdd 10 100 a power supply rejection (note 13) 50 db note 5. measured by audio precision, system two. averaging mode. refer to the evaluation board manual. note 6. by figure 17. external lpf circuit example 2.101db at 16bit data and 118db at 20bit data. note 7. by figure 17. external lpf circuit example 2. s/n does not depend on input bit length. note 8. the voltage on (vrefh ? vrefl) is held +5v externally. note 9. full-scale voltage(0db). output voltage scales with the voltage of (vrefh ? vrefl). aout (typ.@0db) = (aout+) ? (aout ? ) = 2.8vpp (vrefh ? vrefl)/5. note 10. for ac-load. 1.5k ? for dc-load note 11. typ. 5ma (@ dvdd=3.3v, fs 96khz), typ. 8ma (@ dvdd=3.3v, fs = 192khz) note 12. in the power-down mode. p/s pin = ttl pin = dvdd, and all other digital input pins including clock pins (mclk, bick and lrck) are held dvss. note 13. psr is applied to avdd, dvdd with 1khz, 100mvpp. vrefh pin is held +5v.
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 11 - sharp roll-off filter characteristics (fs = 44.1khz) (ta=25 c; avdd=4.75 ~ 5.25v, dvdd=3.0 ~ 5.25v; normal speed mode; dem=off; slow bi =?0?) parameter symbol min typ max units digital filter passband (note 15) 0.01db ? 6.0db pb 0 - 22.05 20.0 - khz khz stopband (note 14) sb 24.1 khz passband ripple pr 0.005 db stopband attenuation sa 75 db group delay (note 15) gd - 28 - 1/fs digital filter + scf frequency response : 0 20.0khz - 0.2 - db sharp roll-off filter characteristics (fs = 96khz) (ta=25 c; avdd=4.75 5.25v, dvdd=3.0 5.25v; double speed mode; dem=off; slow bit=?0?) parameter symbol min typ max units digital filter passband (note 14) 0.01db ? 6.0db pb 0 - 48.0 43.5 - khz khz stopband (note 14) sb 52.5 khz passband ripple pr 0.005 db stopband attenuation sa 75 db group delay (note 15) gd - 28 - 1/fs digital filter + scf frequency response : 0 40.0khz - 0.3 - db sharp roll-off filter characteristics (fs = 192khz) (ta=25 c; avdd=4.75 5.25v, dvdd=3.0 5.25v; quad speed mode; dem=off; slow bit=?0?) parameter symbol min typ max units digital filter passband (note 14) 0.01db ? 6.0db pb 0 - 96.0 87.0 - khz khz stopband (note 14) sb 105 khz passband ripple pr 0.005 db stopband attenuation sa 75 db group delay (note 15) gd - 28 - 1/fs digital filter + scf frequency response : 0 80.0khz - +0/ ? 1 - db note 14. the passband and stopband frequencies scale with fs. for example, pb = 0.4535fs (@ 0.01db), sb = 0.546fs. note 15. the calculating delay time which occurred by digital filtering. this time is from setting the 16/20/24bit data of both channels to input register to the output of analog signal.
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 12 - slow roll-off filter characteristics (fs = 44.1khz) (ta=25 c; avdd=4.75 5.25v, dvdd=3.0 5.25v; normal speed mode; dem=off; slow bit=?1?) parameter symbol min typ max units digital filter passband (note 16) 0.04db ? 3.0db pb 0 - 18.2 8.1 - khz khz stopband (note 16) sb 39.2 khz passband ripple pr 0.005 db stopband attenuation sa 72 db group delay (note 15) gd - 28 - 1/fs digital filter + scf frequency response: 0 20.0khz - +0/ ? 5 - db slow roll-off filter characteristics (fs = 96khz) (ta=25 c; avdd=4.75 5.25v, dvdd=3.0 5.25v; dem=off; slow bit=?1?) parameter symbol min typ max units digital filter passband (note 16) 0.04db ? 3.0db pb 0 - 39.6 17.7 - khz khz stopband (note 15) sb 85.3 khz passband ripple pr 0.005 db stopband attenuation sa 72 db group delay (note 14) gd - 28 - 1/fs digital filter + scf frequency response: 0 40.0khz - +0/ ? 4 - db slow roll-off filter characteristics (fs = 192khz) (ta=25 c; avdd=4.75 5.25v, dvdd=3.0 5.25v; quad speed mode; dem=off; slow bit=?1?) parameter symbol min typ max units digital filter passband (note 16) 0.04db ? 3.0db pb 0 - 79.1 35.5 - khz khz stopband (note 16) sb 171 khz passband ripple pr 0.005 db stopband attenuation sa 72 db group delay (note 15) gd - 28 - 1/fs digital filter + scf frequency response: 0 80.0khz - +0/ ? 5 - db note 16. the passband and stopband frequencies sc ale with fs. for example, pb = 0.185fs (@ 0.04db), sb = 0.888fs.
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 13 - dc characteristics (cmos level mode) (ta=25 c; avdd=4.75 ~ 5.25v, dvdd=3.0 ~ 5.25v; ttl pin = ?l?) parameter symbol min typ max units high-level input voltage low-level input voltage vih vil 70%dvdd - - - - 30%dvdd v v high-level output voltage (iout = ? 100 a) low-level output voltage (iout = 100 a) voh vol dvdd ? 0.5 - - - - 0.5 v v input leakage current (note 17) iin - - 10 a dc characteristics (ttl level mode) (ta=25 c; avdd=4.75 ~ 5.25v, dvdd=4.75 ~ 5.25v; ttl pin = ?h?) parameter symbol min typ max units high-level input voltage (ttl pin) (all pins except ttl pin) low-level input voltage (ttl pin) (all pins except ttl pin) vih vih vil vil 70%dvdd 2.2 - - - - - - - - 30%dvdd 0.8 v v v v high-level output voltage (iout = ? 100 a) low-level output voltage (iout = 100 a) voh vol dvdd-0.5 - - - - 0.5 v v input leakage current (note 17) iin - - 10 a note 17. dfs0, ttl, p/s and tst2 pins have internal pull-down or pull-up devices, nominally 100k ? .
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 14 - switching characteristics (ta=25 c; avdd=4.75 5.25v, dvdd=3.0 5.25v) parameter symbol min typ max units master clock timing frequency duty cycle fclk dclk 7.7 40 41.472 60 mhz % lrck frequency (note 18) normal speed mode double speed mode quad speed mode duty cycle fsn fsd fsq duty 30 54 108 45 54 108 216 55 khz khz khz % pcm audio interface timing bick period normal speed mode double speed mode quad speed mode bick pulse width low bick pulse width high bick ? ? to lrck edge (note 19) lrck edge to bick ? ? (note 19) sdata hold time sdata setup time tbck tbck tbck tbckl tbckh tblr tlrb tsdh tsds 1/128fn 1/64fd 1/64fq 30 30 20 20 20 20 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns dsd audio interface timing dclk period dclk pulse width low dclk pulse width high dclk edge to dsdl/r (note 20) tdck tdckl tdckh tddd 1/64fs 160 160 ? 20 20 ns ns ns ns control interface timing cclk period cclk pulse width low pulse width high cdti setup time cdti hold time csn high time csn ? ? to cclk ? ? cclk ? ? to csn ? ? tcck tcckl tcckh tcds tcdh tcsw tcss tcsh 200 80 80 50 50 150 50 50 ns ns ns ns ns ns ns ns reset timing pdn pulse width (note 21) tpd 150 ns note 18. when the normal/double/quad speed modes are switched, ak4396 should be reset by pdn pin or rstn bit. note 19. bick rising edge must not occur at the same time as lrck edge. note 20. dsd data transmitting device must meet this time. note 21. the ak4396 can be reset by bringing pdn pin ?l? to ?h?. when the states of or dfs1-0 bits change, the ak4396 should be reset by rstn bit.
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 15 - ? timing diagram 1/fclk tclkl vih tclkh mclk vil dclk=tclkh x fclk, tclkl x fclk 1/fs vih lrck vil tbck tbckl vih tbckh bick vil clock timing tlrb lrck vih bick vil tsds vih sdata vil tsdh vih vil tblr audio interface timing (pcm mode)
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 16 - vih dclk vil tddd vih dsdl dsdr vil tdckh tdckl tdck audio serial interface timing (dsd normal mode, dckb bit = ?0?) vih dclk vil tddd vih dsdl dsdr vil tdckh tdckl tdck tddd audio serial interface timing (dsd phase modulation mode, dckb bit = ?0?) tcss csn vih cclk vil vih cdti vil vih vil c1 c0 r/w a4 tcckl tcckh tcds tcdh write command input timing
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 17 - csn vih cclk vil vih cdti vil vih vil d3 d2 d1 d0 tcsw tcsh write data input timing tpd pdn vil power down & reset timing
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 18 - operation overview ? d/a conversion mode in serial mode, the ak4396 can perform d/a conversion for either pcm data or dsd data. the d/p bit controls pcm/dsd mode. when dsd mode, dsd data can be input from dclk, dsdl and dsdr pins. when pcm mode, pcm data can be input from bick, lrck and sdata pins. when pcm/dsd mode changes by d/p bit, the ak4396 should be reset by rstn bit. it takes about 2/fs to 3/fs to change the mode. in parallel mode, the ak4396 performs for only pcm data. d/p bit interface 0 pcm 1 dsd table 1. pcm/dsd mode control ? system clock [1] pcm mode the external clocks, which are required to operate the ak4396, are mclk, bick and lrck. mclk should be synchronized with lrck but the phase is not critical. the mclk is used to operate the digital interpolation filter and the delta-sigma modulator. when external clocks are changed, the ak4396 should be reset by pdn pin or rstn bit. all external clocks (mclk, bick and lrck) should alwa ys be present whenever the ak4396 is in normal operation mode (pdn pin = ?h?). if these clocks are not provided, the ak4396 may draw excess current because the device utilizes dynamic refreshed logic internally. if the external clocks are not present, the ak4396 should be in the power-down mode (pdn pin = ?l?) or in the reset mode (rstn bit = ?0?). after exiting reset (pdn pin = ?l? ?h?) at power-up etc., the ak4396 is in power-down mode until mclk is supplied. (1) parallel mode (p/s pin = ?h?) 1. manual setting mode (acks pin = ?l?) mclk frequency is detected automatically and the sampling speed is set by dfs0 pin (table 2). the mclk frequency corresponding to each sampling speed should be provided (table 3). dfs1 bit is fixed to ?0?. when dfs0 pin is changed, the ak4396 should be reset by pdn pin. quad speed mode is not supported in this mode. dfs0 pin sampling rate (fs) l normal speed mode 30khz 54khz h double speed mode 54khz 108khz table 2. sampling speed (manual setting mode @parallel mode) lrck mclk (mhz) bick fs 128fs 192fs 256fs 384fs 512fs 768fs 1152fs 64fs 32.0khz n/a n/a 8.1920 12.2880 16.3840 24.5760 36.8640 2.0480mhz 44.1khz n/a n/a 11.2896 16.9344 22.5792 33.8688 n/a 2.8224mhz 48.0khz n/a n/a 12.2880 18.4320 24.5760 36.8640 n/a 3.0720mhz 88.2khz 11.2896 16.9344 22.5792 33.8688 n/a n/a n/a 5.6448mhz 96.0khz 12.2880 18.4320 24.5760 36.8640 n/a n/a n/a 6.1440mhz table 3. system clock example (manual setting mode @parallel mode)
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 19 - 2. auto setting mode (acks pin = ?h?) mclk frequency and the sampling speed are detected automatically (table 4) and dfs0 pin is ignored. dfs0 pin should be fixed to dvss or dvdd. mclk sampling speed 1152fs normal (fs 32khz) 512fs 768fs normal 256fs 384fs double 128fs 192fs quad table 4. sampling speed (auto setting mode @parallel mode) lrck mclk (mhz) fs 128fs 192fs 256fs 384fs 512fs 768fs 1152fs sampling speed 32.0khz n/a n/a n/a n/a 16.3840 24.5760 36.8640 44.1khz n/a n/a n/a n/a 22.5792 33.8688 n/a 48.0khz n/a n/a n/a n/a 24.5760 36.8640 n/a normal 88.2khz n/a n/a 22.5792 33.8688 n/a n/a n/a 96.0khz n/a n/a 24.5760 36.8640 n/a n/a n/a double 176.4khz 22.5792 33.8688 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 192.0khz 24.5760 36.8640 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a quad table 5. system clock example (auto setting mode @parallel mode) (2) serial mode (p/s pin = ?l?) 1. manual setting mode (acks bit = ?0?) mclk frequency is detected automatically and the sampling speed is set by dfs1-0 bits (table 6). the mclk frequency corresponding to each sampling speed should be provided (table 7). the ak4396 is set to manual setting mode at power-up (pdn pin = ?l? ?h?). when dfs1-0 bits are changed, the ak4396 should be reset by rstn bit. dfs1 bit dfs0 bit sampling rate (fs) 0 0 normal speed mode 30khz 54khz 0 1 double speed mode 54khz 108khz 1 0 quad speed mode 120khz 216khz default table 6. sampling speed (manual setting mode @serial mode) lrck mclk (mhz) bick fs 128fs 192fs 256fs 384fs 512fs 768fs 1152fs 64fs 32.0khz n/a n/a 8.1920 12.2880 16.3840 24.5760 36.8640 2.0480mhz 44.1khz n/a n/a 11.2896 16.9344 22.5792 33.8688 n/a 2.8224mhz 48.0khz n/a n/a 12.2880 18.4320 24.5760 36.8640 n/a 3.0720mhz 88.2khz 11.2896 16.9344 22.5792 33.8688 n/a n/a n/a 5.6448mhz 96.0khz 12.2880 18.4320 24.5760 36.8640 n/a n/a n/a 6.1440mhz 176.4khz 22.5792 33.8688 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 11.2896mhz 192.0khz 24.5760 36.8640 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 12.2880mhz table 7. system clock example (manual setting mode @serial mode)
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 20 - 2. auto setting mode (acks bit = ?1?) mclk frequency and the sampling speed are detected automatically (table 8) and dfs1-0 bits are ignored. the mclk frequency corresponding to each sampling speed should be provided (table 9). mclk sampling speed 1152fs normal (fs 32khz) 512fs 768fs normal 256fs 384fs double 128fs 192fs quad table 8. sampling speed (auto setting mode @serial mode) lrck mclk (mhz) fs 128fs 192fs 256fs 384fs 512fs 768fs 1152fs sampling speed 32.0khz n/a n/a n/a n/a 16.3840 24.5760 36.8640 44.1khz n/a n/a n/a n/a 22.5792 33.8688 n/a 48.0khz n/a n/a n/a n/a 24.5760 36.8640 n/a normal 88.2khz n/a n/a 22.5792 33.8688 n/a n/a n/a 96.0khz n/a n/a 24.5760 36.8640 n/a n/a n/a double 176.4khz 22.5792 33.8688 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a 192.0khz 24.5760 36.8640 n/a n/a n/a n/a n/a quad table 9. system clock example (auto setting mode @serial mode) [2] dsd mode the external clocks, which are required to operate the ak4396, are mclk and dclk. mclk should be synchronized with dclk but the phase is not critical. the frequency of mclk is set by dcks bit. all external clocks (mclk, dclk) should always be present whenever the ak4396 is in the normal operation mode (pdn pin = ?h?). if these clocks are not provided, the ak4396 ma y draw excess current be cause the device utilizes dynamic refreshed logic internally. the ak4396 should be reset by pdn pin = ?l? after threse clocks are provided. if the external clocks are not present, the ak4396 should be in the power-down mode (pdn pin = ?l?). after exiting reset(pdn pin = ?l? ?h?) at power-up etc., the ak4396 is in the power-down mode until mclk is input. dcks bit mclk frequency dclk frequency 0 512fs 64fs default 1 768fs 64fs table 10. system clock (dsd mode)
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 21 - ? audio interface format [1] pcm mode data is shifted in via the sdata pin using bick and lrck inputs. five data formats are supported and selected by the dif2-0 pins (parallel mode) or dif2-0 bits (serial mode) as shown in table 11. in all formats the serial data is msb-first, 2's compliment format and is latched on the rising edge of bick. mode 2 can be used for 20 and 16 msb justified formats by zeroing the unused lsbs. mode dif2 dif1 dif0 input format bick figure 0 0 0 0 16bit lsb justified 32fs figure 1 1 0 0 1 20bit lsb justified 48fs figure 2 2 0 1 0 24bit msb justified 48fs figure 3 default 3 0 1 1 24bit i 2 s compatible 48fs figure 4 4 1 0 0 24bit lsb justified 48fs figure 2 table 11. audio interface format sdat a bick lrck sdat a 15 14 6 5 4 bick 0 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 1 10 11 12 13 14 15 0 1 3 2 1 0 15 14 ( 32fs ) ( 64fs ) 014 1 15 16 17 31 0 1 14 15 16 17 31 0 1 15 14 0 15 14 0 mode 0 don?t care don?t care 15:msb, 0:lsb mode 0 15 14 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 lch data rch data figure 1. mode 0 timing sdat a lrck bick ( 64fs ) 09 1 10 11 12 31 0 1 9 10 11 12 31 0 1 19 0 19 0 mode 1 don?t care don?t care 19:msb, 0:lsb sdat a mode 4 23:msb, 0:lsb 20 19 0 20 19 0 don?t care don?t care 22 21 22 21 lch data rch data 8 23 23 8 figure 2. mode 1, 4 timing
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 22 - lrck bick ( 64fs ) sdat a 022 1 2 24 31 0 1 31 0 1 23:msb, 0:lsb 22 1 0 don?t care 23 lch data rch data 23 30 22 224 23 30 22 1 0don?t care 23 22 23 figure 3. mode 2 timing lrck bick ( 64fs ) sdat a 03 1 2 24 31 0 1 31 0 1 23:msb, 0:lsb 22 1 0 don?t care 23 lch data rch data 23 25 3 224 23 25 22 1 0 don?t care 23 23 figure 4. mode 3 timing [2] dsd mode in case of dsd mode, dif2-0 pins and dif2-0 bits are ignored. the frequency of dclk is fixed to 64fs. dckb bit can invert the polarity of dclk. dclk (64fs) dckb=1 dclk (64fs) dckb=0 dsdl,dsdr normal dsdl,dsdr phase modulation d1 d0 d1 d2 d0 d2 d3 d1 d2 d3 figure 5. dsd mode timing
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 23 - ? d/a conversion mode switching timing rstn bit d/a data d/a mode 4/fs 0 pcm data dsd data pcm mode dsd mode figure 6. d/a mode switching timing (pcm to dsd) rstn bit d/a data d/a mode 4/fs dsd data pcm data dsd mode pcm mode figure 7. d/a mode switching timing (dsd to pcm) caution: in dsd mode, the signal level is ranging from 25% to 75%. peak levels of dsd signal above this duty are not recommended by sacd format book (scarlet book). ? de-emphasis filter a digital de-emphasis filter is availabl e for 32khz, 44.1khz or 48kh z sampling rates (tc = 50/15 s) and is enabled or disabled with dem1-0 pins or dem1-0 bits. in case of double speed and quad speed mode, the digital de-emphasis filter is always off. when dsd mode, dem1-0 bits are ignored. the setting value is held even if pcm mode and dsd mode are switched. dem1 dem0 mode 0 0 44.1khz 0 1 off default 1 0 48khz 1 1 32khz table 12. de-emphasis control (normal speed mode) ? output volume the ak4396 includes channel independent digital output volumes (att) with 256 levels at linear step including mute. these volumes are in front of the dac and can attenuate the input data from 0db to ?48db and mute. when changing levels, transitions are executed via soft changes; thus no switching noise occurs during these transitions. the transition time of 1 level and all 256 levels is shown in table 13. transition time sampling speed 1 level 255 to 0 normal speed mode 4lrck 1020lrck double speed mode 8lrck 2040lrck quad speed mode 16lrck 4080lrck table 13. att transition time
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 24 - ? zero detection the ak4396 has channel-independent zeros detect function. when the input data at each channel is continuously zeros for 8192 lrck cycles, dzf pin of each channel goes to ?h?. dzf pin of each channel immediately goes to ?l? if input data of each channel is not zero after going dzf pin ?h?. if rstn bit is ?0?, dzf pins of both channels go to ?h?. dzf pins of both channels go to ?l? at 4 ~ 5/fs after rstn bit re turns to ?1?. if dzfm bit is set to ?1?, dzf pins of both channels go to ?h? only when the input data at both channels are continuously zeros for 8192 lrck cycles. zero detect function can be disabled by dzfe bit. in this case, dzf pins of both channels are always ?l?. dzfb bit can invert the polarity of dzf pin. ? soft mute operation soft mute operation is performed at digital domain. when smute pin goes to ?h? or smute bit goes to ?1?, the output signal is attenuated by ? during att_data att transition time (table 13) from the current att level. when smute pin is returned to ?l? or smute bit is returned to ?0?, the mute is cancelled and the output attenuation gradually changes to the att level during att_data att transition time. if the soft mute is cancelled before attenuating ? after starting the operation, the attenuation is discontinued and returned to att level by the same cycle. the soft mute is effective for changing the signal source without stopping the signal transmission. smute pin or smute bit a ttenuation dzf pin att_level - a out 8192/fs gd gd (1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) notes: (1) att_data att transition time (table 13). for example, this time is 1020lrck cycles (1020/fs) at att_data=255 in normal speed mode. (2) analog output corresponding to digital input has the group delay (gd). (3) if the soft mute is cancelled before attenuating ? after starting the operation, the attenuation is discontinued and returned to att level by the same cycle. (4) when the input data at each channel is continuously zeros for 8192 lrck cycles, dzf pin of each channel goes to ?h?. dzf pin immediately goes to ?l? if input data are not zero after going dzf pin ?h?. figure 8. soft mute and zero detection ? system reset the ak4396 should be reset once by bringing pdn pin = ?l? upon power-up. the analog section exits power-down mode by mclk input and then the digital section exits power-down mode after the internal counter counts mclk during 4/fs.
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 25 - ? power-down the ak4396 is placed in the power-down mode by bringing pdn pin ?l? and the anlog outputs are floating (hi-z). figure 9 shows an example of the system timing at the power-down and power-up. normal operation internal state pdn power-down normal operation gd gd ?0? data d/a out (analog) d/a in (digital) clock in mclk, bick, lrck (1) (3) (6) dzfl/dzfr external mute (5) (3) (1) mute on (2) (4) don?t care notes: (1) the analog output corresponding to digital input has the group delay (gd). (2) analog outputs are floating (hi -z) at the power-down mode. (3) click noise occurs at the edge (? ?) of pdn signal. this noise is output even if ?0? data is input. (4) the external clocks (mclk, bick and lrck) can be stopped in the power-down mode (pdn pin = ?l?). (5) please mute the analog output externally if the click noise (3) influences system application. the timing example is shown in this figure. (6) dzf pins are ?l? in the power-down mode (pdn pin = ?l?). other: after exiting power-down mode (pdn pin: ?l? ? ?h?), aout pins go to vcom voltage (va/2). this time is set by a capacitor connected to vcom pin and the internal resistor of vcom pin. e.g. c = 10 f 1 (typ) = 10 f x 0.75k ? = 7.5ms, 5 (typ) = 37.5ms 1 (max) = 10 f x 0.975k ? = 9.75ms, 5 (max) = 48.75ms figure 9. power-down/up sequence example
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 26 - ? reset function when rstn bit = ?0?, the ak4396?s digital section is powered down but the internal register values are not initialized. the analog outputs go to vcom voltage and dzf pins of both channels go to ?h?. figure 10 shows the example of reset by rstn bit. internal state rstn bit digital block p d normal operation gd gd ?0? data d/a out (analog) d/a in (digital) clock in mclk, bick, lrck (1) (3) dzfl/dzfr (3) (1) (2) normal operation 2/fs(5) internal rstn timing 2~3/fs (6) 3~4/fs (6) don?t care (4) notes: (1) the analog output corresponding to digital input has the group delay (gd). (2) analog outputs go to vcom voltage. (3) click noise occurs at the edges (? ?) of the internal timing of rstn bit. this noise is output even if ?0? data is input. (4) the external clocks (mclk, bick and lrck) can be stopped in the reset mode (rstn bit = ?l?). (5) dzf pins go to ?h? when the rstn bit becomes ?0?, and go to ?l? at 2/fs after rstn bit becomes ?1?. (6) there is a delay, 3 ~ 4/fs from rstn bit ?0? to the internal rstn bit ?0?, and 2 ~ 3/fs from rstn bit ?1? to the internal rstn bit ?1?. figure 10. reset sequence example
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 27 - ? register control interface pins (parallel control mode) or registers (serial control mode ) can control each functions of the ak4396. in parallel mode, the register setting is ignored and the pin setting is ignored in serial mode. when the state of p/s pin is changed, the ak4396 should be reset by pdn pin. the serial control interface is enabled by the p/s pin = ?l?. in this mode, pin setting must be all ?l?. internal registers may be written by 3-wire p interface pins: csn, cclk and cdti. the data on this interface consists of chip address (2bits, cad0/1), read/write (1bit; fixed to ?1?), register address (msb first, 5bits) and control data (msb first, 8bits). the ak4396 latches the data on the rising edge of cclk, so data should be clocked in on the falling edge. the writing of data becomes valid by csn ? ?. the clock speed of cclk is 5mhz (max). function parallel mode serial mode auto setting mode o o manual setting mode o o audio format o o de-emphasis o o smute o o dsd mode x o zero detection x o slow roll-off response x o digital attenuator x o table 14. function list (o: available, x: not available) pdn pin = ?l? resets the registers to their default values. in serial mode, the internal timing circuit is reset by rstn bit, but the registers are not initialized. cdti cclk c1 0 1234567 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 d4 d5 d6 d7 a1 a2 a3 a4 r/w c0 a0 d0 d1 d2 d3 csn c1-c0: chip address (c1=cad1, c0=cad0) r/w: read/write (fixed to ?1?, write only) a4-a0: register address d7-d0: control data figure 11. control i/f timing * the ak4396 does not support the read command. * when the ak4396 is in the power down mode (pdn pin = ?l?) or the mclk is not provided, writing into the control register is inhibited. * the control data can not be written when the cclk rising edge is 15times or less or 17times or more during csn is ?l?.
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 28 - ? register map addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 00h control 1 acks 0 0 0 dif2 dif1 dif0 rstn 01h control 2 dzfe dzfm slow dfs1 dfs0 dem1 dem0 smute 02h control 3 d/p dsdm dcks dckb 0 dzfb 0 0 03h lch att att7 att6 att5 att4 att3 att2 att1 att0 04h rch att att7 att6 att5 att4 att3 att2 att1 att0 notes: for addresses from 05h to 1fh, data must not be written. when pdn pin goes to ?l?, the registers are initialized to their default values. when rstn bit goes to ?0?, the only internal timing is reset and the registers are not initialized to their default values. when the state of p/s pin is changed, the ak4396 should be reset by pdn pin. ? register definitions addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 00h control 1 acks 0 0 0 dif2 dif1 dif0 rstn default 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 rstn: internal timing reset 0 : reset. all registers are not initialized. 1 : normal operation (default) when the states of dfs1-0 bits change, the ak4396 should be reset by pdn pin or rstn bit. dif2-0: audio data interface modes (see table 11) initial value is ?010? (mode 2: 24bit msb justified). acks: master clock frequency auto setting mode enable (pcm only) 0 : disable : manual setting mode (default) 1 : enable : auto setting mode when acks bit = ?1?, mclk frequency and the sampling frequency are detected automatically.
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 29 - addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 01h control 2 dzfe dzfm slow dfs1 dfs0 dem1 dem0 smute default 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 smute: soft mute enable 0 : normal operation (default) 1 : dac outputs soft-muted. dem1-0: de-emphasis response (table 12) initial value is ?01? (off). dfs1-0: sampling speed control (table 6) initial value is ?00? (normal speed). when changing between normal/double speed mode and quad speed mode, some click noise occurs at that time. slow: slow roll-off filter enable 0 : sharp roll-off filter (default) 1 : slow roll-off filter dzfm: data zero detect mode 0 : channel separated mode (default) 1 : channel anded mode if the dzfm bit is set to ?1?, the dzf pins of both channels go to ?h? only when the input data at both channels are continuously zeros for 8192 lrck cycles. dzfe: data zero detect enable 0 : disable (default) 1 : enable zero detect function can be disabled by dzfe bit ?0 ?. in this case, the dzf pins of both channels are always ?l?.
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 30 - addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 02h control 3 d/p dsdm dcks dckb 0 dzfb 0 0 default 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 dzfb: inverting enable of dzf 0 : dzf pin goes ?h? at zero detection (default) 1 : dzf pin goes ?l? at zero detection dckb: polarity of dclk (dsd only) 0 : dsd data is output from dclk falling edge. (default) 1 : dsd data is output from dclk rising edge. dcks: master clock frequency select at dsd mode (dsd only) 0 : 512fs (default) 1 : 768fs dsdm: dsd input select 0 : input pin : no.5, 6, 7 (default) 1 : input pin : no. 12, 13, 14 when dsdm bit is changed, the ak4396 should be reset by rstn bit. d/p: dsd/pcm mode select 0 : pcm mode (default) 1 : dsd mode when d/p bit is changed, the ak4396 should be reset by rstn bit. addr register name d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 03h lch att att7 att6 att5 att4 att3 att2 att1 att0 04h rch att att7 att6 att5 att4 att3 att2 att1 att0 default 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 att7-0: attenuation level att = 20 log 10 (att_data / 255) [db] ffh : 0db (default) 00h : mute
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 31 - system design figure 12, figure 13 and figure 14 show the system connec tion diagram. figure 16 , figure 17 and figure 18 show the analog output circuit examples. an evaluation board (akd4396) is available which demonstrates the optimum layout, power supply arrangements and measurement results. dvss 1 dvdd 2 mclk 3 pdn 4 bick 5 sdata 6 lrck 7 csn 8 cad0 9 cclk 10 cdti 11 dif0 12 dzfr 28 cad1 27 dzfl 26 p/s 25 vcom 24 aoutl+ 23 aoutl- 22 aoutr+ 21 aoutr- 20 avss 19 avdd 18 vrefh 17 master clock micro- controlle r 0.1u 10u + 10u 0.1u + 10u + supply 5v ak4396 0.1u digital supply 3.3v 13 14 16 15 dif1 dif2 vrefl ttl fs 24bit audio data reset & power down 64fs 10u 0.1u + lch lpf rch lpf rch out lch out analog ground digital ground lch mute rch mute a nalog notes: - chip address = ?00?. lrck = fs, bick = 64fs. - power lines of avdd and dvdd should be distributed separately from the point with low impedance of regulator etc. - avss and dvss must be connected to the same analog ground plane. - when aout drives some capacitive load, some resistor should be added in series between aout and capacitive load. - all input pins except pull-down/pull-up pins should not be left floating. figure 12. typical connection diagram (avdd=5v, dvdd=3.3v, serial mode)
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 32 - dvss 1 dvdd 2 mclk 3 pdn 4 bick 5 sdata 6 lrck 7 smute 8 dfs0 9 dem0 10 dem1 11 dif0 12 acks 28 tst2 27 tst1 26 p/s 25 vcom 24 aoutl+ 23 aoutl- 22 aoutr+ 21 aoutr- 20 avss 19 avdd 18 vrefh 17 master clock mode setting 0.1u 10u + 10u 0.1u + 10u + supply 5v ak4396 0.1u digital supply 3.3v 13 14 16 15 dif1 dif2 vrefl ttl fs 24bit audio data reset & power down 64fs 10u 0.1u + lch lpf rch lpf rch out lch out a nalog analog ground digital ground notes: - bick = 64fs, lrck = fs. - power lines of avdd and dvdd should be distributed separately from the point with low impedance of regulator etc. - avss and dvss must be connected to the same analog ground plane. - when aout drives some capacitive load, some resistor should be added in series between aout and capacitive load. - all input pins except pull-down/pull-up pins should not be left floating. figure 13. typical connection diagram (avdd = 5v, dvdd = 3.3v, parallel mode, ak4393 compatible)
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 33 - dvss 1 dvdd 2 mclk 3 pdn 4 bick 5 sdata 6 lrck 7 csn 8 cad0 9 cclk 10 cdti 11 dif0 12 dzfr 28 cad1 27 dzfl 26 p/s 25 vcom 24 aoutl+ 23 aoutl- 22 aoutr+ 21 aoutr- 20 avss 19 avdd 18 vrefh 17 master clock micro- controlle r 0.1u 10u + 10u 0.1u + 10u + supply 5v ak4396 0.1u digital supply 5.0v 13 14 16 15 dif1 dif2 vrefl ttl fs 24bit audio data reset & power down 64fs 10u 0.1u + lch lpf rch lpf rch out lch out analog ground digital ground lch mute rch mute a nalog notes: - ttl pin (bvss pin in case of ak4394/5) should be open. - chip address = ?00?, bick = 64fs, lrck = fs. - power lines of avdd and dvdd should be distributed separately from the point with low impedance of regulator etc. - avss and dvss must be connected to the same analog ground plane. - when aout drives some capacitive load, some resistor should be added in series between aout and capacitive load. - all input pins except pull-down/pull-up pins should not be left floating. figure 14. typical connection diagram (avdd=5v, dvdd=5v, serial mode, ak4394/5 compatible) 1 analog ground digital ground system controller 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 13 14 16 15 dvss dvdd mclk pdn bick sdata lrck csn cad0 cclk cdti dif0 dzfr cad1 dzfl p/s vcom aoutl+ aoutl- aoutr+ aoutr- avss avdd vrefh ak4396 dif1 dif2 vref r ttl figure 15. ground layout
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 34 - 1. grounding and power supply decoupling to minimize coupling by digital noise, decoupling capacitors should be connected to avdd and dvdd, respectively. avdd is supplied from analog supply in system and dvdd is supplied from digital supply in system. power lines of avdd and dvdd should be distributed separately from the point with low impedance of regulator etc. the power up sequence between avdd and dvdd is not critical. avss and dvss must be connected to analog ground plane. decoupling capacitors for high frequency should be placed as near as possible. 2. voltage reference the differential voltage between vrefh and vrefl set the analog output range. vrefh pin is normally connected to avdd and vrefl pin is normally connected to avss. vrefh and vrefl should be connected with a 0.1f ceramic capacitor. vcom is a signal ground of this chip. an electrolytic capacitor 10f parallel with a 0.1f ceramic capacitor attached to vcom pin eliminates the effects of high freque ncy noise. no load current may be drawn from vcom pin. all signals, especially clocks, should be kept away from the vrefh, vrefl and vcom pins in order to avoid unwanted coupling into the ak4396. 3. analog outputs the analog outputs are full differential outputs and 2.8vpp (typ, vrefh ? vrefl = 5v) centered around vcom. the differential outputs are summed externally, v aout = (aout+) ? (aout ? ) between aout+ and aout ? . if the summing gain is 1, the output range is 5.6vpp (typ, vrefh ? vrefl = 5v). the bias voltage of the external summing circuit is supplied externally. the input data format is 2's complement. the output voltage (v aout ) is a positive full scale for 7fffffh (@24bit) and a negative full scale for 800000h (@24bit). the ideal v aout is 0v for 000000h(@24bit). the internal switched-capacitor filters attenuate the noise generated by the delta-sigma modulator beyond the audio passband. figure 16 shows an example of external lpf circuit summing the differential outputs by an op-amp. figure 17 shows an example of differential outputs and lpf circuit example by three op-amps. 2.4k 2.4k 150 2.4k 150 2.4k 680p +vop 680p -vop aout- aout+ 3.3n analog out ak4396 figure 16. external lpf circuit example 1 for pcm (fc = 125khz, q=0.692) frequency response gain 20khz ? 0.012db 40khz ? 0.083db 80khz ? 0.799db table 15. filter response of external lpf circuit example 1 for pcm
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 35 - 330 100u 180 aoutl- 10k 3.9 n 1.2k 680 3.3n 6 4 3 2 7 10u 0.1u 0.1u 10u 10u njm5534d 330 100u 180 aoutl+ 10k 3.9n 1.2k 680 3.3n 6 4 3 2 7 10u 0.1u 0.1 u 10u njm5534d 0.1u + njm5534d 0.1u 10u 100 4 3 2 1.0n 620 620 560 7 + + + + - + - + + + - + + 1.0n lch -15 +15 6 560 figure 17. external lpf circuit example 2 for pcm 1 st stage 2 nd stage total cut-off frequency 182khz 284khz - q 0.637 - - gain +3.9db -0.88db +3.02db 20khz -0.025 -0.021 -0.046db 40khz -0.106 -0.085 -0.191db frequency response 80khz -0.517 -0.331 -0.848db table 16. filter response of external lpf circuit example 2 for pcm
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 36 - it is recommended by sacd format book (scarlet book) that the filter response at sacd playback is an analog low pass filter with a cut-off frequency of maximum 50khz and a slope of minimum 30db/oct. the ak4396 can achieve this filter response by combination of the internal filter (table 17) and an external filter (figure 18). frequency gain 20khz ? 0.4db 50khz ? 2.8db 100khz ? 15.5db table 17. internal filter response at dsd mode 1.8k 4.3k 1.0k 1.8k 1.0k 4.3k 270p +vop 270p -vop aout- aout+ 3300p analog out 2.0k 2.0k 2200p - + 2.8vpp 6.34vpp 2.8vpp figure 18. external 3rd order lpf circuit example for dsd frequency gain 20khz ? 0.05db 50khz ? 0.51db 100khz ? 16.8db dc gain = 1.07db table 18. 3rd order lpf (figure 18) response
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 37 - package 0.1 0.1 0-10 detail a seating plane note: dimension "*" does not include mold flash. | 0.10 0.15-0.05 0.22 0.1 0.65 *9.8 0.2 1.25 0.2 a 1 14 15 28 28pin vsop (unit: mm) *5.6 0.2 7.6 0.2 0.5 0.2 +0.1 0.675 ? material & lead finish package molding compound: epoxy lead frame material: cu lead frame surface treatment: solder (pb free) plate
asahi kasei [ak4396] ms0336-e-00 2004/08 - 38 - marking akm a k4396vf xxxbyyyyc xxxxbyyyyc: date code identifier xxxb: lot number (x : digit number, b : alpha character ) yyyyc: assembly date (y : digit number c : alpha character) revision history date (yy/mm/dd) revision reason page contents 04/08/31 00 first edition important notice ? these products and their specifications are subject to change without notice. before considering any use or application, consult the asahi kasei microsystems co., ltd. (akm) sales office or authorized distributor concerning their current status. ? akm assumes no liability for infringement of any patent, intellectual property, or other right in the application or use of any information contained herein. ? any export of these products, or devices or systems containing them, may require an export license or other official approval under the law and regulations of the country of export pertaining to customs and tariffs, currency exchange, or strategic materials. ? akm products are neither intended nor authorized for use as critical components in any safety, life support, or other hazard related device or system, and akm assumes no responsibility relating to any such use, except with the express written consent of the representative director of akm. as used here: (a) a hazard related device or system is one designed or intended for life support or maintenance of safety or for applications in medicine, aerospace, nuclear energy, or other fields, in which its failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result in loss of life or in significant injury or damage to person or property. (b) a critical component is one whose failure to function or perform may reasonably be expected to result, whether directly or indirectly, in the loss of the safety or effectiveness of the device or system containing it, and which must therefore meet very high standards of performance and reliability. ? it is the responsibility of the buyer or distributor of an akm product who distributes, disposes of, or otherwise places the product with a third party to notify that party in advance of the above content and conditions, and the buyer or distributor agrees to assume any and all responsibility and liability for and hold akm harmless from any and all claims arising from the use of said product in the absence of such notification.

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